Complete Admission Guide for 2025–2026
Choosing the right city for medical education is unquestionably one of the most important, consequential, and carefully considered decisions in any student’s entire academic journey. Over the past several years, Raipur has steadily and impressively emerged as a preferred destination for MBBS aspirants seeking quality medical education, well-structured clinical exposure, and transparent admission processes. For students who are actively exploring direct MBBS admission options, Raipur offers genuinely promising opportunities through accredited private medical colleges operating under clearly defined and strictly enforced regulatory norms established by the National Medical Commission.
This comprehensive guide explains everything students and families need to know about direct MBBS in Raipur, including eligibility criteria, NEET requirements, management quota seats, fee structure, documentation process, career scope after MBBS, and all the important considerations that must be evaluated before finalizing any admission decision.
Why Choose Raipur for MBBS?
Raipur, the capital city of the state of Chhattisgarh, has grown rapidly and noticeably in terms of urban infrastructure, healthcare development, and the quality and number of educational institutions over the past decade. With significantly improved hospital networks, consistently increasing patient inflow, and a strong government focus on strengthening and expanding medical education across the state, Raipur has emerged as a genuinely attractive and increasingly recognized option for aspiring medical professionals.
One of the most reputed and nationally prominent government medical institutions in the city is the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Raipur, which has significantly elevated the overall medical education ecosystem in the region. Alongside this prestigious government institution, several recognized private medical colleges in Raipur offer management quota seats for students who meet all eligibility criteria but may not secure government seats through regular state or All India Quota counseling cut-offs.
Students choosing Raipur for MBBS benefit from:
- A structured and NMC-compliant academic curriculum across all phases of MBBS
- Modern laboratories, well-equipped clinical departments, and skill development centers
- Growing regional healthcare demand ensuring consistent and meaningful practical clinical exposure
- Significantly affordable cost of living compared to major metropolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai, or Bangalore
- A safe, organized, and genuinely student-friendly urban environment
Understanding Direct MBBS Admission in Raipur
The term “direct MBBS admission” frequently creates confusion and misconceptions among parents and students. It is critically important to understand that it absolutely does not mean admission without eligibility or bypassing any established regulations. In India, all MBBS admissions without exception must fully comply with the guidelines and regulations of the National Medical Commission (NMC) and the Supreme Court of India.
Direct admission typically refers to securing a confirmed seat through one of the following officially recognized and regulated quota categories:
- Management Quota
- Institutional Quota
- NRI Quota (in eligible and approved colleges)
These seats are offered in recognized private medical colleges and are allotted based on valid NEET qualification and through official and regulated counseling procedures.
Is NEET Mandatory for Direct MBBS in Raipur?
Yes, absolutely. NEET is unconditionally and uniformly compulsory for every MBBS admission in India, including all management quota seats in private medical colleges. The examination is conducted annually by the National Testing Agency (NTA) and serves as the sole and legally mandated gateway to undergraduate medical education across the entire country.
Even for direct MBBS admission in Raipur:
- The student must have appeared for and qualified NEET in the current academic year
- The candidate must have secured the applicable minimum qualifying marks for their respective category
- All admissions must be processed exclusively through officially recognized and government-authorized counseling systems
Any institution or agent claiming to offer MBBS admission without a valid NEET qualification should be approached with extreme caution and skepticism, as such offers are explicitly illegal under Indian law.
You can also read our full article MBBS Course Duration and Fees in India
Eligibility Criteria for Direct MBBS in Raipur
Before applying for management quota MBBS seats in Raipur, students must fully and verifiably fulfill the following mandatory requirements as prescribed by the National Medical Commission:
- Successful completion of Class 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and English as subjects
- Minimum 50 percent aggregate marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (PCB) for General category candidates
- Minimum 40 percent aggregate marks in PCB for SC/ST/OBC reserved category candidates as per NMC norms
- Valid NEET qualification in the current academic year with a score meeting or exceeding the minimum qualifying percentile
- Minimum age of 17 years attained on or before 31 December of the year of sought admission
Fully meeting all these criteria is essential to ensure that the student’s admission remains legally valid, officially recognized, and secure throughout the MBBS program.
Step-by-Step Admission Process for Direct MBBS in Raipur
The process for direct MBBS admission in Raipur is systematic, well-regulated, and transparent at every stage. Here is a clear and detailed breakdown of each step:
Step 1: NEET Examination
Students must appear for NEET and secure qualifying marks that meet the minimum percentile for their respective category. A higher NEET score provides access to a broader range of college and quota options.
Step 2: Counseling Registration
Eligible candidates must formally register for Chhattisgarh state counseling or deemed university counseling, depending on the specific college and quota category being pursued.
Step 3: Strategic Choice Filling
Students carefully select and submit their preferred colleges in Raipur offering management quota seats during the official counseling rounds. Strategic and well-researched choice filling significantly improves the likelihood of securing a suitable seat.
Step 4: Seat Allotment
Seats are officially allotted based on the candidate’s NEET score, category, declared preferences, and real-time seat availability across participating colleges during each counseling round.
Step 5: Document Verification
All original documents are thoroughly verified at the designated reporting center or directly at the allotted college before final admission confirmation is processed.
Step 6: Fee Payment
All applicable tuition and other institutional fees must be paid exclusively through official institutional bank accounts within the stipulated deadline. Always collect and preserve official receipts for every payment made.
Fee Structure for Direct MBBS in Raipur
Management quota fees in private medical colleges in Raipur are substantially higher than fees for government quota seats, reflecting the self-financing operational model of private institutions. The complete fee structure typically includes:
- Annual tuition fees (subject to Chhattisgarh Fee Regulatory Committee approval)
- Hostel accommodation and mess charges
- Refundable security deposit paid at admission
- Miscellaneous academic and institutional charges
The exact amount varies from one institution to another and is subject to periodic revision. Parents and students should always request and obtain an official, written, and officially stamped fee structure from the institution before making any financial commitment. Although the fees may appear substantial, many families recognize it as a worthwhile and long-term investment in a stable, respected, and socially impactful profession.
Documents Required for Direct MBBS Admission in Raipur
Students must prepare, organize, and maintain the following documents well in advance of the counseling process:
- NEET scorecard and NEET admit card (original and multiple self-attested photocopies)
- Class 10 mark sheet and passing certificate
- Class 12 mark sheet and passing certificate with PCB subjects
- School or college Transfer Certificate (TC)
- Migration Certificate (if applicable for outstation candidates)
- Government-issued identity proof (Aadhaar card or valid Passport)
- Recent passport-size photographs (minimum 8–10 copies)
- Category or caste certificate in the prescribed official format (for reserved category candidates)
- NRI sponsorship documents if applying under NRI quota
Keeping multiple self-attested photocopies alongside all original documents helps avoid last-minute complications and delays at the verification stage.
Advantages of Studying MBBS in Raipur
1. Rapidly Growing Healthcare Sector
Raipur is witnessing consistently rapid and substantial growth in hospitals, diagnostics centers, and healthcare infrastructure. This expansion directly ensures extensive, diverse, and meaningful clinical exposure for MBBS students throughout their training.
2. Significantly Affordable Cost of Living
Compared to major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, or Bengaluru, the overall cost of living in Raipur — including accommodation, food, and transportation — remains significantly and consistently affordable for students and their families.
3. Balanced and Focused Academic Environment
Students in Raipur can focus intensively on their studies without the excessive distractions, high costs, and competitive pressures commonly associated with large metropolitan cities. The city offers a calm, disciplined, and academically oriented atmosphere.
4. Strong and Consistent Clinical Exposure
The consistently high patient inflow in both government and private teaching hospitals across Raipur ensures that medical students receive rich, diverse, and well-supervised practical learning opportunities across all major clinical departments.
Challenges to Consider Before Choosing Raipur
While Raipur offers many compelling advantages for medical education, students and families should also thoughtfully consider the following practical challenges:
- Significant seasonal climate variations typical of central India
- Adjustment challenges for outstation students relocating from different states
- Initial social and cultural adjustment to a new environment and city
- Long-term financial planning required for the complete five-and-a-half-year MBBS program
With proper preparation, proactive planning, and consistent family support, these challenges are entirely manageable and should not deter motivated students from considering Raipur as their destination for medical education.
Duration of the MBBS Course in Raipur
The MBBS program in Raipur follows the standard structure mandated by the National Medical Commission for all recognized medical colleges across India:
- 4.5 years of structured academic study across three defined phases (Pre-clinical, Para-clinical, and Clinical)
- 1 year of compulsory rotating internship in an NMC-recognized attached teaching hospital
During the mandatory internship year, students rotate through all major clinical departments including General Medicine, General Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopedics, Ophthalmology, Community Medicine, and Emergency Care. Successful and satisfactory completion of the full internship year is an absolute prerequisite for obtaining permanent NMC medical registration.
Career Opportunities After Completing MBBS in Raipur
After completing MBBS from a recognized institution in Raipur, graduates have access to a wide and rewarding range of well-defined career pathways:
Postgraduate Medical Studies
Graduates can appear for NEET-PG and pursue MD or MS degrees in a wide range of clinical or surgical specializations, significantly enhancing both expertise and earning potential.
Private Clinical Practice
Qualified MBBS graduates may establish independent private medical practice or join established private hospitals, clinics, and multi-specialty healthcare centers.
Government Healthcare Services
Substantial and stable opportunities exist in public hospitals, Community Health Centers (CHCs), Primary Health Centers (PHCs), and rural healthcare centers across Chhattisgarh and other states.
Medical Research and Academic Teaching
Academically oriented graduates may pursue medical research fellowships, contribute to clinical research programs, or build careers as faculty in medical colleges after completing postgraduate qualifications.
Management Quota vs Government Seat: Key Differences
Many students and families compare management quota and government quota seats when evaluating their options. The key differences are:
- NEET cut-off scores: Government seats require significantly higher NEET ranks due to intense competition; management quota seats have relatively lower cut-offs
- Fee structure: Government seats offer substantially lower tuition fees; management quota seats carry significantly higher fees
- Admission category: Government seats are filled through state and All India Quota counseling; management quota seats are filled through institutional counseling
Importantly, the academic curriculum, examination standards, clinical training quality, and NMC recognition remain identical once admission is confirmed, regardless of the quota through which the seat was secured.
Importance of Verifying College Recognition Before Admission
Before confirming any MBBS admission in Raipur, it is absolutely essential to verify the following to ensure the degree will be fully valid for future licensing and postgraduate entrance examinations:
- Valid and current approval by the National Medical Commission (NMC)
- Affiliation to a recognized and accredited university
- Adequate hospital infrastructure meeting NMC requirements for patient load and departments
- Qualified and experienced faculty members meeting NMC-prescribed norms
Financial Planning for MBBS Education in Raipur
Medical education is a substantial and long-term financial commitment. Families must plan comprehensively and realistically for the full duration of the program:
- Total annual tuition fees for all five and a half years of the MBBS program
- Monthly hostel and living expenses throughout the course
- Medical textbooks, reference books, and clinical instruments
- Coaching and preparation costs for postgraduate entrance exams after MBBS
Proactive and well-structured early financial planning prevents stress and disruption later during the course and ensures uninterrupted education throughout the full program.
Hostel and Campus Facilities in Raipur Medical Colleges
Private medical colleges in Raipur generally provide well-maintained and comprehensive on-campus facilities for their students, including:
- Separate, secure hostels for male and female students
- Round-the-clock campus security arrangements
- Well-stocked library facilities and dedicated study halls
- Modern laboratories and clinical skill development labs
- Sports, recreational, and student wellness facilities
A comfortable, well-equipped, and secure campus environment actively supports strong academic focus and contributes positively to students’ overall personal and professional development.
Is Direct MBBS Admission in Raipur Safe and Legal?
Yes, direct MBBS admission in Raipur is completely safe and fully legal provided it is secured exclusively through proper, official counseling channels and only in NMC-recognized and approved institutions. Students must firmly avoid unofficial intermediaries, brokers, or agents who promise guaranteed seats without verified official documentation.
Always ensure the following to protect your admission and academic future:
- The admission letter is officially issued on the institution’s letterhead with proper authorization
- All fees are paid exclusively through the institution’s official and verified bank accounts
- Official fee receipts are collected, preserved, and kept safely for every payment made
- No verbal promises or undocumented commitments are accepted as valid
Full transparency at every stage of the admission process is the most reliable key to a secure and legally sound MBBS admission in Raipur.
Why Many Students Prefer Emerging Cities Like Raipur for MBBS
Large and highly competitive metropolitan cities often come with significantly higher living costs, intense competition, and a more pressurized environment. Emerging and steadily growing cities like Raipur provide genuinely compelling advantages for management quota MBBS admissions:
- A consistently focused and calm academic atmosphere with fewer urban distractions
- Significantly more affordable on-campus and off-campus accommodation options
- Rapidly increasing and improving medical infrastructure and hospital facilities
- More personalized academic attention from faculty in smaller private college batches
- Strong regional healthcare demand ensuring meaningful and diverse clinical training
These combined factors make Raipur an increasingly attractive, practical, and educationally sound option for students seriously considering management quota MBBS admissions.
Frequently Asked Questions – Direct MBBS Admission in Raipur
1. Is direct MBBS admission available in Raipur?
Yes, direct MBBS admission in Raipur is genuinely available through recognized private medical colleges via management quota seats. However, it is absolutely critical to understand that direct admission does not mean bypassing any regulations or requirements. As per the National Medical Commission (NMC) and Supreme Court of India directives, all MBBS admissions — including management quota seats — are conditional on qualifying NEET with valid and eligible scores. Management quota represents an officially designated and legally recognized portion of the total available seats in a private medical college, intended to be filled through a transparent, NEET-based, and regulated institutional counseling process. Candidates must participate in the official counseling process, complete thorough document verification at the institution or designated center, and pay all fees through official channels before final admission is confirmed. Students must remain vigilant and avoid any unauthorized agents or individuals claiming to offer guaranteed seats without valid NEET qualification or without official documentation. Such offers are illegal and can result in serious academic and legal consequences for the student.
2. Is NEET compulsory for management quota MBBS seats in Raipur?
Yes, NEET is completely and unconditionally compulsory for all management quota MBBS seats in Raipur and across every recognized medical institution in India. The Supreme Court of India and the National Medical Commission have made it explicitly and unambiguously clear that all undergraduate medical admissions — regardless of the quota category being applied under, whether government quota, management quota, NRI quota, or institutional quota — must be based on a valid NEET score obtained in the same academic year as the sought admission. There is no legally recognized or officially approved pathway to MBBS admission in any NMC-recognized institution that bypasses NEET qualification. The minimum qualifying percentile for NEET varies by category: for General category candidates, the minimum is the 50th percentile; for SC/ST/OBC candidates, it is the 40th percentile; and for General-PwBD candidates, it is the 45th percentile. Any institution, agent, or individual claiming to provide management quota MBBS admission in Raipur without NEET is operating in direct violation of Indian law and medical education regulations, and should be immediately avoided and reported to the appropriate authorities.
3. What are the eligibility criteria for direct MBBS in Raipur?
To be eligible for direct MBBS admission in Raipur through management quota, a candidate must satisfy all of the following mandatory requirements as prescribed by the National Medical Commission. First, the candidate must have successfully completed Class 10+2 or an equivalent board examination with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology as mandatory core subjects, along with English as a compulsory qualifying language subject. Second, General category candidates must have secured a minimum aggregate of 50 percent marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (PCB) combined. SC/ST/OBC candidates are eligible with a minimum of 40 percent aggregate in PCB as per NMC norms. Third, the candidate must have qualified NEET in the current academic year with a score that meets or exceeds the prescribed minimum qualifying percentile for their respective category. A higher NEET score increases access to better institutions and more quota options. Fourth, the candidate must have attained the minimum age of 17 years on or before 31 December of the year in which admission is being sought. There is currently no upper age limit for MBBS admission as per the latest NMC guidelines following the Supreme Court ruling. Students currently appearing in Class 12 may apply provisionally, subject to meeting all eligibility requirements upon declaration of final board results.
4. What is the fee structure for direct MBBS admission in Raipur?
The fee structure for direct MBBS admission through management quota in Raipur varies from institution to institution and is subject to annual review and official revision by the Chhattisgarh government’s Fee Regulatory Committee. Generally, annual tuition fees for management quota MBBS seats in private medical colleges in Raipur can range from approximately ₹8 lakh to ₹18 lakh or more per year, depending on the specific college’s reputation, infrastructure quality, hospital affiliation, and NMC accreditation status. In addition to annual tuition fees, students must also budget for hostel accommodation charges (typically ₹60,000 to ₹1.5 lakh per year), refundable security deposits payable at admission, library and laboratory fees, university examination charges, and other miscellaneous institutional expenses. Over the full five-and-a-half-year MBBS program duration, the total financial commitment for management quota seats in Raipur can range from approximately ₹45 lakh to ₹1 crore or more depending on the institution. Families are strongly advised to obtain the complete, officially stamped, and currently approved fee structure in writing directly from the institution before confirming any admission. Never make any payment based on verbal commitments alone.
5. What documents are required during MBBS admission in Raipur?
The following documents are typically required at the time of document verification and final admission confirmation for direct MBBS admission in Raipur: NEET scorecard and NEET admit card in original with multiple self-attested photocopies; Class 10th mark sheet and passing certificate from a recognized board; Class 12th mark sheet and passing certificate with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology subjects clearly mentioned; Transfer Certificate (TC) from the last attended school or college; Migration Certificate, particularly important for students applying from a different state or educational board; Government-issued photo identity proof such as Aadhaar card or valid Passport; Recent passport-size photographs in the prescribed format (minimum 8 to 10 copies); Category or caste certificate in the officially prescribed format for SC/ST/OBC/EWS candidates claiming reserved category benefits; Domicile certificate or state residency proof if applicable; For NRI quota applicants, a valid Indian passport, notarized NRI sponsorship affidavit, and the sponsor’s overseas residency proof. All documents must be presented in original at the time of verification along with multiple self-attested photocopies. Document preparation should begin well before the counseling season starts to prevent last-minute complications.
6. How long is the MBBS course duration in Raipur?
The MBBS course duration in Raipur, as in all NMC-recognized medical colleges across India, is a fixed and uniform total of five and a half years. This duration is mandated by the National Medical Commission and cannot be shortened or altered by any institution. The program comprises two clearly defined components: four and a half years of structured academic study and one year of compulsory rotating internship. The four-and-a-half-year academic component is divided into three phases: Phase 1 (Pre-clinical, covering Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry over one year), Phase 2 (Para-clinical, covering Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine, and Community Medicine over one and a half years), and Phase 3 (Clinical, covering General Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and other clinical specialties over two years). Following successful completion of the final university professional examination, every MBBS graduate must complete a mandatory one-year rotating internship across all major clinical departments. This internship is a non-negotiable requirement. Permanent NMC medical registration, which is legally required to practice medicine in India, is granted only after the satisfactory completion of the full five-and-a-half-year program including the internship.
7. Is management quota MBBS admission safe and legal in Raipur?
Yes, management quota MBBS admission in Raipur is completely safe, fully legal, and academically valid provided it is secured through an NMC-recognized and approved private medical college and processed through official, authorized, and transparent counseling procedures. The legitimacy and legality of management quota seats in private medical colleges have been explicitly upheld by multiple Supreme Court of India judgments over the years. Management quota seats are a legally designated and regulated portion of the total MBBS seats in a private medical college, intended to be filled through a NEET-based, transparent, and officially regulated process. The safety and full legal validity of a management quota MBBS admission depend on several key conditions being satisfied: the institution must hold valid and current NMC recognition; the candidate must possess a valid and qualifying NEET score; all fee payments must be made exclusively to the institution’s official and verified bank accounts; written official admission letters and fee receipts must be issued and preserved; and the entire admission process must comply with all applicable state and NMC regulations. A management quota MBBS degree from an NMC-recognized institution is academically identical and fully equivalent to a government quota MBBS degree, and is completely valid for NEET-PG and all postgraduate entrance examinations.
8. Are hostel facilities available for MBBS students in Raipur?
Yes, hostel facilities are generally available for MBBS students at private medical colleges in Raipur, and most institutions provide well-maintained on-campus residential accommodation. Colleges typically maintain separate and secure hostels for male and female students with adequate room capacity to accommodate the full MBBS batch. On-campus hostels in Raipur medical colleges are generally equipped with furnished rooms, 24-hour security and CCTV surveillance, attached or shared bathroom facilities, a dining mess with regular meals, high-speed internet connectivity, study rooms and reading areas, and laundry facilities. The annual hostel charges in Raipur private medical colleges typically range from approximately ₹60,000 to ₹1.5 lakh per year depending on the type of room (single, double, or triple sharing), the college, and the specific amenities provided. For students who prefer off-campus accommodation, affordable private paying guest accommodations and rental apartments are also readily available in residential areas near the campuses. Students and families should verify hostel availability, facilities, current charges, and rules directly with the institution before confirming admission, as hostel capacity and policies may vary.
9. What are the career options after completing MBBS from Raipur?
Completing MBBS from a recognized institution in Raipur opens a wide, varied, and genuinely rewarding range of career opportunities for graduates. In postgraduate education, MBBS graduates can appear for NEET-PG to pursue MD or MS in specialized clinical or surgical fields, significantly increasing their expertise, professional recognition, and earning potential. In government healthcare services, there is consistent and substantial demand for MBBS doctors in public hospitals, Community Health Centers, Primary Health Centers, rural healthcare programs, and national health missions across Chhattisgarh and all other states. In the private healthcare sector, the rapidly growing and modernizing network of corporate hospitals, multi-specialty chains, and private clinics across India continues to actively recruit qualified MBBS doctors. For research and academically inclined graduates, opportunities exist in medical research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, public health organizations, and as faculty in medical colleges after completing postgraduate qualifications. Additionally, MBBS graduates from NMC-recognized institutions may prepare for internationally recognized licensing examinations such as USMLE (USA), PLAB (UK), AMC (Australia), and DHA (UAE) to pursue medical practice abroad. The career outlook for MBBS graduates in India remains consistently strong given the country’s large and growing healthcare needs.
10. How can students ensure a smooth MBBS admission process in Raipur?
Ensuring a smooth, legally secure, and well-informed MBBS admission process in Raipur requires careful preparation, timely action, and informed decision-making at every stage. The following steps significantly improve the likelihood of a successful and complication-free admission: First, appear for NEET with thorough preparation and aim for the highest possible score to maximize access to quota options and preferred institutions. Second, research and shortlist only NMC-recognized and officially approved private medical colleges in Raipur, verifying their recognition status, hospital affiliations, faculty qualifications, and clinical training infrastructure. Third, obtain the complete, officially published, and currently valid fee structure in writing from each institution before shortlisting, to ensure full financial clarity and avoid surprises. Fourth, begin gathering, organizing, and verifying all required documents well before the counseling season opens, as document-related issues are one of the most common causes of admission delays or cancellations. Fifth, stay consistently updated on official counseling schedules, registration deadlines, seat availability, and seat allotment results through official government and NMC portals. Sixth, make strategic and well-researched choices during the counseling choice-filling round considering NEET score, budget, institution reputation, and clinical training quality. Seventh, make all fee payments exclusively through official institutional banking channels and always obtain and preserve written official receipts. Eighth, seek credible, transparent, and professionally qualified guidance if needed, ensuring that any counseling support operates strictly within legal and official frameworks.
Final Thoughts
Direct MBBS admission in Raipur is a genuinely viable, legally recognized, and well-structured option for students who meet all eligibility criteria and wish to secure a medical seat through the management quota pathway. With proper and valid NEET qualification, fully transparent counseling through official channels, verified and NMC-recognized institutions, and well-structured long-term financial planning, students can confidently build a strong and lasting foundation for their medical careers in Raipur.
Raipur’s consistently growing healthcare ecosystem, supportive and focused academic environment, rapidly expanding medical infrastructure, and affordable cost of living all contribute positively and meaningfully to the quality of medical education available in the city. However, students and parents must always remain vigilant, follow only official and authorized procedures at every stage, and verify all institutional and admission-related details carefully before confirming any admission decision.
Medical education is not simply about securing a seat in a recognized college. It is fundamentally about committing to years of dedicated academic learning, intense clinical training, personal growth, and a lifelong commitment to service and the well-being of patients and society. With careful planning, fully informed decision-making, and strict adherence to ethical and legal procedures, direct MBBS admission in Raipur can become the first confident and well-prepared step toward a successful, meaningful, and deeply fulfilling medical career.


